成績往往需要在做完題考完試后才能知道，而想要提前了解自己是否具備了在托福閱讀實(shí)戰(zhàn)考試中獲得高分的能力，其實(shí)還有更直觀的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。今天小編給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x備考高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),希望能夠幫助到大家，一起來學(xué)習(xí)吧。

托福閱讀備考高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

托福閱讀備考高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：對熱點(diǎn)高頻詞匯的精確記憶

托福詞匯可以說是整個(gè)托?？荚嚨幕A(chǔ)所在，聽說讀寫各個(gè)部分都有對考生詞匯掌握不同角度的考察要求。而托福閱讀著重考察的是大家對于詞匯含義的精準(zhǔn)把握。閱讀中詞匯題的數(shù)量很多，而縱觀大部分的詞匯題，其中各個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞匯意思完全不同的情況只在少數(shù)，多數(shù)詞匯題中都需要考生具備精確辨析近義詞細(xì)節(jié)差異的能力才能在相似的選項(xiàng)中做出正確選擇。

因此，考生能否對閱讀詞匯進(jìn)行精確記憶，將直接關(guān)系到大家解答詞匯題的正確率。好在托福考試雖然詞匯量較大，但閱讀部分中將為常見的熱點(diǎn)高頻詞匯數(shù)量仍然是有限的，考生只需要做好對這些重點(diǎn)考察詞匯的精確記憶，就能具備在詞匯方面達(dá)到閱讀高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的基礎(chǔ)了。

托福閱讀備考高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：對答案原文位置的準(zhǔn)確定位

第二條判斷閱讀高分水平的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于對題目中選項(xiàng)答案在原文位置的準(zhǔn)確定位能力。小編見過不少托?？忌鋵?shí)在理解閱讀文章方面并不存在障礙，既能看懂文章也不會(huì)花很多時(shí)間，但偏偏就是總也找不到題目中選項(xiàng)對應(yīng)的原文位置。這種缺乏定位能力的問題讓他們無緣閱讀高分，頗為可惜。因此，定位能力對于閱讀來說也是至關(guān)重要的。

其實(shí)想要提升這方面的能力并非難事，重點(diǎn)在于閱讀過程中對細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注和記錄。大家在閱讀文章時(shí)需要做到一定程度上的一心二用，或者說保持較為敏感的神經(jīng)來閱讀文章。文章中提到的關(guān)鍵性信息，比如人名、學(xué)術(shù)名詞、數(shù)字等等，大家都需要在讀到的同時(shí)就把所在的段落位置記錄在草稿上。這樣才能在題目提問相應(yīng)信息時(shí)準(zhǔn)確找到原文位置。

另外，考慮到需要用到定位能力的大多是閱讀中的細(xì)節(jié)題，因此大家也要對細(xì)節(jié)題本身的出題特點(diǎn)有所認(rèn)識。首先托福閱讀每篇文章的題目出題順序都是跟隨文章段落順序排列的，因此細(xì)節(jié)題對應(yīng)的是哪個(gè)段落考生在做題時(shí)很容易判斷，這就能有效縮小大家的定位范圍。其次，細(xì)節(jié)題的出題點(diǎn)經(jīng)常會(huì)涉及到文章的邏輯關(guān)系，因此段落中體現(xiàn)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的句式更容易成為出題點(diǎn)，比如轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步等等。掌握細(xì)節(jié)題的特點(diǎn)，大家的定位準(zhǔn)確性也會(huì)有所提升，得分也會(huì)更為理想。

托福閱讀備考高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：對閱讀易錯(cuò)選項(xiàng)的正確判斷

判斷不同選項(xiàng)的對錯(cuò)是大家在做閱讀每道題目甚至托福每道選擇題時(shí)都需要進(jìn)行的思考過程。而覺得選項(xiàng)對錯(cuò)模棱兩可，判斷不出正確選項(xiàng)則是高分的攔路虎。其實(shí)，托福閱讀題目本身就給出了大家不少信息，能夠充分審題并發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信息的同學(xué)并不會(huì)輕易陷入無法判斷對錯(cuò)的窘境。

比如最為經(jīng)典的事實(shí)信息題和反面事實(shí)信息題就是很好的例子，題干中一個(gè)EXCEPT或是NOT就足以扭轉(zhuǎn)整個(gè)題目的答題思路和選項(xiàng)對錯(cuò)關(guān)系，考生審題時(shí)能夠及時(shí)留意到這些信息的話想要做好選項(xiàng)的排除法會(huì)變得輕松許多。還有用特定關(guān)鍵詞來設(shè)置錯(cuò)誤干擾選項(xiàng)的思維陷阱套路，大家不要因?yàn)樵谶x項(xiàng)里看到文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的某些關(guān)鍵詞就覺得這是正確選項(xiàng)，先讀懂選項(xiàng)的具體含義后再做判斷才是正確做法。

諸如此類的選項(xiàng)陷阱還有很多，但套路也比較明顯，學(xué)會(huì)總結(jié)和分析自己容易出錯(cuò)的題型和選項(xiàng)陷阱，大家對閱讀題選項(xiàng)的判斷能力和得分就能得到穩(wěn)步提升。

綜上所述，如果大家能夠具備本文中提到的這3類能力，那么在托福閱讀部分想要收獲高分也就不會(huì)有太多挑戰(zhàn)了。還不清楚自身閱讀水平的同學(xué)不妨參考以上高分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對照一下自己的實(shí)力，相信就能對自己當(dāng)前所處的閱讀水平有更為清晰準(zhǔn)確的認(rèn)識了。

托福閱讀：備考重點(diǎn)筆記內(nèi)容

一、推理題的標(biāo)志

推理題的題干中一般含有infer, imply, most likely, least likely, probably等詞，分為有共性的推理題和無共性的推理題兩大類。

二、推理題的做法

對于無共性的推理題，也就是題干中無線索的，一般使用排除法，即根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，通過排除法得出正確答案。

對于有共性的推理題，也就是題干中有線索的，可以先圈定題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞回原文定位，然后進(jìn)行推理。推理題主要有下列思路：

1.一般對比推理

ETS設(shè)計(jì)推理題的手段不多，根據(jù)兩個(gè)事物的對比特征出題是其中之一。問其中一個(gè)事物的特征時(shí)，只要將與之形成對比的另一個(gè)事物的特征否定掉就可以了。例如：

It should be obvious that cetaceans–whales, porpoises, and dolphins–are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke and blowhole cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.

2. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like.

There were great numbers of them.

They lived in the sea only.

They did not leave many fossil remains.

根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞sea otters定位第四句：However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds…，由原文的unlike可知sea otters和pinnipeds兩種動(dòng)物與whales形成對比，而且很難想象原始的whales的樣子;根據(jù)“一般對比推理”思路， 可以推出“原始的sea otters的樣子不難想象”。第一個(gè)選項(xiàng)表達(dá)了此意，為正確答案。

2.時(shí)間對比推理

這種思路常被考到。在這種推理中，一般有兩個(gè)形成對比的時(shí)間段，它們所具有的特征一般相反。當(dāng)題干問一個(gè)時(shí)間段的特征時(shí)，只要將與之相反的時(shí)間段的特征否定掉就可以了。

例一：

Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country’s impressive population growth….

…It appeared that Canada was once more falling in step with the trend toward smaller families that had occurred all through the Western world since the time of the Industrial Revolution.

…

It can be inferred from the passage that before the Industrial Revolution

(A)families were larger.

(B)population statistics were unreliable.

(C)the population grew steadily.

(D)economic conditions were bad.

工業(yè)革命之后與工業(yè)革命之前兩個(gè)時(shí)間形成對比。既然工業(yè)革命之后西方世界的家庭變小了，那么工業(yè)革命之前的家庭一定比較大。因此(A)為正確答案。

例二：

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent. From the very beginning, music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first, the music played bore no special relationship to the films; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.

What can be inferred from the passage about the majority of films made after 1927?

(A) They were truly “silent.”

(B) They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.

(C) They incorporated the sound of the actors’ voices.

(D) They corresponded to specific musical compositions.

1927年前后形成對比。既然1927年以前的電影只有音樂而沒有配音，那么1927年之后的電影一定有。所以(C)為正確答案。

例三：

“…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals )with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles …”

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?

They did not smoke when they were burned.

They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.

They were not available to all.

They contained sulfuric acid.

問題：關(guān)于19世紀(jì)以前的蠟燭，從第一段可以推出下列哪一點(diǎn)?

這道題的題干中有“19世紀(jì)以前”這一時(shí)間，由此可見它屬于“時(shí)間對比推理”思路。原文首句指出：“…19世紀(jì)帶來了大量新發(fā)現(xiàn)和發(fā)明，使蠟燭業(yè)發(fā)生了革命性的變化，所有人都能用蠟燭照明?！? 根據(jù)“時(shí)間對比推理”思路，由于19世紀(jì)以前的情況與19世紀(jì)形成對比，而19世紀(jì)所有人能用蠟燭照明，那么在19世紀(jì)之前，并非所有人都能用上蠟燭。第三個(gè)選項(xiàng) “They were not available to all”表達(dá)了這一意思，為正確答案。

2.集合概念推理

集合概念推理也可以稱之為百分比推斷，它指的是在一個(gè)集合中，包含兩個(gè)相對的方面，共同構(gòu)成一個(gè)大的集合。一方所占的比例減少意味著另一方所占比例的增加;反之，一方所占的比例增加意味著另一方所占比例的減少。根據(jù)這一思路，可以由集合中一方的數(shù)量變化推斷另一方的消減。

例一：

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. …Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada….

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing.

22.What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(C) They have popular cultures.

(D) They do not value individualism.

原文談到folk culture 和popular culture兩種文化，它們之間形成對比。既然美國和加拿大不再存在folk culture，那么它們就有popular culture。因此(C)為正確答案。

例二：

Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in nonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing, and trade and distribution.

What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economy after the Civil War?

(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.

(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.

(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.

(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.

文中指出：非農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例都增加了。由此可知農(nóng)業(yè)人口的數(shù)量和比例下降了。所以(B)為正確答案。

SAT閱讀與托福閱讀的關(guān)系

1. 文章篇幅

若在托福閱讀未出現(xiàn)加試情況下，托福閱讀考試?yán)锟偣矔?huì)有3篇文章，每一篇文章的字?jǐn)?shù)大概是在650到800個(gè)單詞之間; 但是在SAT閱讀里，通常是會(huì)包含4篇短閱讀以及五篇長閱讀，當(dāng)中就各自有一組短對比的文章與一組長對比的文章。短文章的字?jǐn)?shù)相當(dāng)?shù)纳?，大約在100-150個(gè)字之間，而長閱讀的字?jǐn)?shù)一般在600-800個(gè)單詞之間，因此從文章數(shù)目上來說，SAT閱讀更多。

2. 文章題材

SAT閱讀與托福閱讀的題材都是相當(dāng)?shù)膹V泛，通常會(huì)涉及自然科學(xué)以及人文社科等方面。但它們的文章角度是不一樣的，有一定的區(qū)別。

托福閱讀考試?yán)镒髡叩膽B(tài)度通常而言是很客觀的，并不會(huì)加進(jìn)太多的自己有關(guān)某一個(gè)事物的想法。但是SAT閱讀中的議論文中的論證更加明顯。作者針對某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，某個(gè)事件會(huì)提出自己的觀點(diǎn)和看法，然后加以論證。

3. 題目數(shù)量

SAT閱讀與托福閱讀的題目數(shù)量上還是有一定的區(qū)別，SAT閱讀中的52個(gè)題目是在65分鐘之內(nèi)要求考生完成的。和托福閱讀相比，SAT閱讀的文章更多，題目多，時(shí)間也比較緊張。

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