2020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯考試試題分享
如何復(fù)習(xí)翻譯資格考試三級筆譯,小編給大家?guī)?020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯考試試題,希望對大家有所幫助。下面小編就和大家分享,來欣賞一下吧。
2020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯考試試題
漢語句子翻譯的多樣性
例:你的眼睛長哪兒去了?
1)Haven’t you got eyes?
2)Are you so blind?
3)Are you such a blind man?
4)You're really stone-blind !
5)How blind you are !
6)As blind as a bat !
7)What a blind man !
8)A sightless guy !
9)Why are you so rash?
10)How can you be so reckless?
11)My goodness! Be careful!
12)Would you please be more careful?
這個例句實際上是漢語中很不禮貌的說法,指責(zé)對方?jīng)]看清楚,不夠小心。由于漢英兩種語言有著不同的文化背景,各人對這個原文有不同的理解和體會,這個句子可能被用于不同的上下文,因此,這個句子自然會有多樣性的譯法。上面第一至第八個譯文都是根據(jù)字面意思
來進(jìn)行翻譯的。這樣的翻譯可以保留原文的形象和原文中粗野的口氣,為了塑造說話人的人物形象,這個句子就必須直譯。上面第九至第十二個譯文是根據(jù)原文的含義來進(jìn)行翻譯的, 這 4 種譯文更符合地道的英語,在日常用語中,還是以這 4 種譯法為好。
又如“你有筆嗎?”可以譯為: Have you got a pen? Have you got pens? Have you got any pens?
Have you got some pens? Have you got the pen? Have you got the pens?
準(zhǔn)確的譯文只能視具體語境而定。
只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這個人爭取過來。
(a) When he catches a glimpse of potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
(b) As soon as he finds any possible opponent, he is, by instinct, to have as an inclination for winning him over with charm and humor.
(c) The sight of a potential antagonist arouses (evokes) his innate impulse for winning him over with charm and humor.
一想到要出國深造,他就激動不已。
(a)The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited. (b)He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study.
近年來,中、泰兩國國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速,為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
(a) In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(b) Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national
economies in China and Thailand, which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(c) China and Thailand,with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.
(d) The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
總之,翻譯中的多樣性或多樣性譯法一方面可以使我們從多種譯文中選擇最佳的譯文,另一方面可使原文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞句擁有多種譯法,從而使整個譯文既忠實于原文,又行文流暢, 生動活潑。
另外,在翻譯時,我們必須清楚這樣一個事實:作為用一種語言傳遞另一種語言的思維內(nèi)容的翻譯,其表達(dá)手段可以是“多變的”,也就是說,一種思維內(nèi)容可以用多種譯語語言的形式表達(dá)。這就是同一種原文可以有多種表達(dá)形式的根據(jù)所在,譯者往往選取不同的角度、不同的信息焦點作為出發(fā)點來對原文同一信息進(jìn)行雙語符號轉(zhuǎn)換。因此,譯界有“譯學(xué)無定規(guī)” 之說。在句子翻譯中,若用不同的譯語表達(dá)形式傳遞同一原文信息,往往要使用不同的主語和謂語,若使用了不同的主語和謂語,整個句子的其它成分在安排上就會發(fā)生變化。例如:
(6) 一想到要出國深造,他就激動不已。When he thinks …., he
As soon as … he
(a) The idea that he would go abroad for further study made him greatly excited.
(b) He felt greatly excited at the thought of going abroad for further study. When the students saw the plane, they were very happy.
The sight of the plane made the student s happy.
析:原文的同一信息在譯文中以兩種形式譯出,兩種譯文中的主語大不一樣,同時,主語的確定決定了謂語的選擇,主、謂語確定之后又影響和決定了其它句子成分的安排。譯文(a) 是用“idea”作主語,按照一般的情況,idea 之后常用同位語從句,故“要出國深造”這一部分譯作同位語從句并置于 idea 之后,主要謂語動詞用“make”。主謂語搭配得當(dāng);譯文(b) 用 he 作主語,主要謂語動詞用“feel”。并與“excited’’構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),原文中的其它成分如“一想到要出國深造”在譯文中則用介詞短語“at the thought of going abroad for further study’’譯出,并置于表語“excited”之后。原文的主干部分為“他就激動不已”,“一
想到要出國深造”表示原因。譯文(a)符合英語中以物作主語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣;譯文(1))突出了主要信息,以 at 引出的介詞短語表示原因。
(7) 近年來,中、泰兩國國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速,為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。
(a) In recent years the national economies of China and Thailand have quickly developed, providing a good foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(b) Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand,which has prepared for good economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
(c) China and Thailand, with the rapid development of their national economies in recent years, have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation.
(d) The rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries.
析:四種譯文分別以 economies, recent years,China and Thailand 和 development作主語,與它們一一對應(yīng)的謂語則在選詞、搭配、時態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)上有較大差異,但每種英譯文的主語和謂語搭配得當(dāng),符合邏輯,這是翻譯句子主干成分必須遵循的原則。主、謂語確定之后,其它句子成分的安排要以與主語、謂語搭配協(xié)調(diào)、傳意恰當(dāng)為條件。
譯文(a)以 economies 作主語,謂語由 have quickly developed 充當(dāng),原文中的“為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)” 在譯文中以現(xiàn)在分詞短語 providing a good foundation…two countries 譯出,在譯文中作伴隨狀語。
譯文(b)以 recent years 作主語,謂語以 have witnessed 來充當(dāng)。英語中常??梢杂帽硎緯r間、地點或物質(zhì)概念的無生命的名詞充當(dāng)主語。這里主、謂語突出,且語言簡潔明了。謂語是及物動詞,后需接賓語,the rapid development of the national economies in China and Thailand 作賓語順理成章。“為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)”的邏輯主語是 the rapid development…,故以非限定性定語從句譯出,以 which 指代 the rapid development,邏輯關(guān)系清楚。
譯文(c)以 China and Thailand 作主語,“近年來,(中、泰)兩國國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速”以由with 引出的介詞短語譯出,置于謂語之前,作為下文中“為兩國經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供良好基礎(chǔ)’’的前提, 謂語和賓語以及其它成分用 have laid a good foundation for their economic and trade cooperation 譯出,主、謂、賓搭配得當(dāng),其它成分的位置正確。
譯文(d)突出說明了中、泰兩國近年來經(jīng)濟的迅速發(fā)展,故以“the rapid development of the national economies of China and Thailand in recent years”作主語,兩國國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展為兩國的經(jīng)濟、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ),譯文順理成章,用“has laid a sound foundation for economic and trade cooperation between the two countries"譯出。
由此可見,句子其它成分的位置往往要依據(jù)主語和謂語來作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
2020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯考試試題
1) 寧榮兩處上下內(nèi)外人等,莫不歡天喜地。
2) Then high and low alike in both mansions were filled with joy.
2)那小廝歡天喜地,答應(yīng)去了。
The boy assented and made off in high spirits.
3) 我才已經(jīng)和他母親說了,BANNED 已經(jīng)歡天喜地應(yīng)了。
I've spoken to Chaixia's mother and she's consented gladly.
4) 兩個小頭目聽了這話,歡天喜地,說道:“好了!眾人在此少待一時?!?/p>
The junior officers were delighted.“Excellent,” they said. “Just wait here a little.”
5) 不論歸遲歸早,那婦人頓羹頓飯,歡天喜地服侍武松,武松倒過意不去。
Whenever he returned home,whether early or late,Golden Lotus had food ready.She served him with obvious pleasure.It rather embarrassed him.
6) 得蒙差遣,歡天喜地,收拾槍刀。
Happy with their mission,they gathered their weapons.
7) 石寶得勝,歡天喜地,回城中去了。
The victorious Shi Bao returned to Hangzhou in jubilation.
他們沒有殺人的罪名,又償了心愿,自然都?xì)g天喜地的發(fā)出一種嗚嗚咽咽的笑聲。
Then they can enjoy their hearts’ desire without being blamed for murder.Naturally that delights them and sets them roaring with laughter.
漢語成語“歡天喜地”形容非常高興,其中“歡”和“喜”表示高興,“天”和“地”表示“非?!钡囊馑?,并非真正表示“天地”。這是漢語文學(xué)作品中常用的成語之一。像這樣的成語并不能根據(jù)其字面意思來翻譯,“天”和“地”不能譯成,heaven 和 earth。這條成語可根據(jù)原文的實際含義來翻譯:to be highly elated 。我們也可用對等的英語成語來翻譯:to go into
raptures;to be in high glee。上面 8 個例句中的“歡天喜地”采用了 8 種不同的譯法, 充分顯示了多樣性譯法的優(yōu)越性:1)were filled with joy;2)in high spirits;3)glad ly; 4)were delighted;5)with obvious pleasure;6)happy;7)in jubilation;8)delights。
在采用多樣性翻譯方法時,可參考英語的和漢語的同義詞詞典,也可參考英漢和漢英詞典。比如,在翻譯漢語成語“大驚小怪”時,我們可以先參考英語同義詞詞典,查 fussy 這一基本詞條,同時再參考漢英成語手冊,查“大驚小怪”的各種英譯。綜合以上兩類詞典里的相應(yīng)詞語和詞組,“大驚小怪”就會有大量的多樣性譯法:
(1)be surprised or alarmed at sth quite normal
(2)be surprised or alarmed at sth perfectly common
(3)make a fuss about nothing
(4)make unnecessary ado about trifles
(5)make a fuss about(sth)
(6) fuss about[over]sth[trifles]
(7) much ado about nothing
(8)much[great]cry and little wool
(9)a flurried[hurried]ado about trifles
(10)get alarmed for[about]nothing
(11)get nothing for nothing
(12)get all stirred up over nothing
(13)make a terrible to-do about sth
(14)a storm in a teacup
(15)a tempest in a teapot
(16)a teapot tempest
(17)a tempest in a barrel
(18)a tempest in a bucket
(19) create about(it)
(20) like a hen with one chick[chicken]
(21)alarmism
(22) fussy get jittery for nothing
(24)great alarm at a little bogey
2020年翻譯資格考試三級筆譯考試試題
1. 根據(jù)句子內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行翻譯。例如:
The differences are that the dwellers of the new caves would see more greenery, under ecologically healthier condit ions, than dwellers of surface cities do today.
同今天地面城市的居民相比,新洞穴居民如果在比較健康生態(tài)環(huán)境中生活,會有更多機會見到青枝綠葉。
這個句子并不復(fù)雜,但不好譯。這個句子有三層關(guān)系,比較、條件和結(jié)果,按這種邏輯關(guān)系翻譯就十分省事。
2. 有些長句需要直譯與意譯結(jié)合,順譯與遞譯結(jié)合,需要綜合處理。
But a broader and more generous, certainly more philosophical view is held by those scientists who claim that the evidence of a war instinct in men is incomplete and misleading , and that man does have within him the power of abolishing war.
有些科學(xué)家觀點更開闊,更富有普遍性和哲理性。他們指出,有關(guān)人類戰(zhàn)爭本能的證據(jù)尚不完全,而且容易引起誤解,事實上,人類自身具有消除戰(zhàn)爭能力。
這個句子主句部分可以意譯,從句部分可直譯。
It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astonishing enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences.
那里人們富于大無畏開創(chuàng)精神,建立了龐大的企業(yè),敢冒風(fēng)險,勢如破竹,一干到底,不顧及成本,因此為加利福尼亞贏得了聲譽。
這個句子雖長,結(jié)構(gòu)不復(fù)雜,如果進(jìn)行直譯,其譯文將十分遜色,如果進(jìn)行綜合處理,譯文將有聲有色地傳達(dá)原文神韻。
3. 由于有些句型不同于漢語思維方式,常常需要進(jìn)行倒譯。
Textile finishes have in general become a "no-no" in today''s market place,thanks to many reasons, says a representative of fiber producer.
一位纖維廠家的代表說,由于許多原因,紡織物整理劑在如今的市場上已經(jīng)到了無人問津的地步。
1. In a flash the evil intent of the vice-president to usurp power hit the president between the eyes.
誤譯:一剎那間,副總統(tǒng)篡權(quán)的罪惡意圖給總統(tǒng)當(dāng)頭一棒。應(yīng)譯為:一剎那間,總統(tǒng)明白了副總統(tǒng)篡權(quán)的罪惡意圖。
這里"to hit someone between the eyes",為"to strike someone(metaphorically speaking)",喻義為"使人忽然了解,使人猛然明白"。而漢語中"給某人當(dāng)頭一棒",去無此意。
2. This is a dangerous and violent city. In some parts of it,the only law is the law of the jungle.
誤譯:這是一個危險的充滿暴力的城市。在有些地方,唯一的原則就是森林法則。 應(yīng)譯為:這是一個危險的充滿暴力的城市。在有些地方,唯一的原則就是弱肉強食。
這里"the law of the jungle" 引申為"principle for surviving in avio lent and dangerous situation, no rules atall",如譯為"森林法則",則含義不明."弱肉強食"才是準(zhǔn)確,明了地傳達(dá)了原文所要表達(dá)的意義。
1. You don't seem to come anywhere near to knowing the importance of working on the program, you'd better take your fingers out.
誤譯:你看來一點也不了解這項計劃的重要性,你干脆別再插手了。應(yīng)譯為:你看來一點也不了解這項計劃,你最好現(xiàn)在就動手。
這里"take one's fingers out"似乎與漢語的"別再插手了"意思一樣,其實它是叫人把手從口袋里拿出來,開始干活,因此,它所要表達(dá)的意義是"開始干"而不是"停止并退出"。
三、許多英語慣用表達(dá)中包含著固定搭配,如不認(rèn)清這些特殊句型所表達(dá)的意義,極易出現(xiàn)誤譯。
2. It is a good athlete that never loses points.
誤譯:從不丟分的運動員才是優(yōu)秀的運動員。應(yīng)譯為:再好的運動員也會丟分。
這里,"It is a adj.+n. that+否定句"是個習(xí)語中常出現(xiàn)的句型,應(yīng)理解為"even if…+adj.,
肯定句,即"再……的,也會……"。而與此結(jié)構(gòu)相似的強調(diào)句型中,一般沒有形容詞。
3. The visit can't have left us a deeper impression.
誤譯:這次訪問根本不會給我留下較為深刻的印象。應(yīng)譯為:這次訪問給我們留下的印象最深刻不過了。
"can't+形容詞或副詞比較級",其實表達(dá)的是最高級的意義。
4. I can't see you quickly enough.
誤譯:我不可很快見到你。
應(yīng)譯為:我巴不得盡快與你見面。
"can’t+adj./adv.+enough",意思是"越……越好。而另一個與此相似的句型, "can't+v.
+n.+enough",意思為"非?!帧?quot; I can't like theEnglish teaching enough。譯為"我非常喜歡教英語."
四、一些英語表達(dá)在特定的語境里,尤其在口語中,有特定的含義,翻譯這些表達(dá)時,應(yīng)該將其包含的語氣譯出。
5. —"In the face of all this they actually stood up by and didnothing."
---"You don't say so!"
誤譯:"面對這一切,他們竟然袖手旁觀,什么都不做。
"你不要這樣說!"
應(yīng)譯為:"面對這一切,他們竟然袖手旁觀,什么都不做." "竟有這樣的事!"
"You don't sayso!"用來表示"在所說某事之后,感到非常驚奇",可譯為"竟有這樣的事!"
或"我沒聽錯吧!"
6. ---"You accepted her offer, didn't you "
----"No fear!"
誤譯:——你接受了她的建議,是嗎?
——不用怕,我當(dāng)然接受了。
應(yīng)譯為:你接受了他的建議,是嗎? 不會的。
"No fear!"表示"不會的","肯定沒有這種可能性."
7. No, I won't lend you the money, you've had it!
誤譯:不,我不會把錢借給你的,你已經(jīng)借過錢了! 應(yīng)譯為:不,我不會把錢借給你了,你別指望了! "You've had it!"意為"It's no use hoping."
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