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如何瀟灑地考過英語一級筆譯(CATTI)?

常常有人留言詢問：文刀君，你經(jīng)常談翻譯，你是做翻譯的嗎?

統(tǒng)一回復：真不是。

“外宣微記”顧名思義，記錄“對外宣傳”中的一點感悟，如果某些文章能收到“微言大義”之功效，文刀君就知足了。

“對外宣傳”四個字意識形態(tài)色彩有點濃，我們更希望做的是“國際傳播”，二者區(qū)別很大。前者側重“我說你聽”，后者側重“如何讓聽者入耳又入心”。

用清華大學傳播學教授陸地的話說，“一廂情愿地只‘告訴’自己想要聽眾‘知道’的東西而不是聽眾想要‘知道’的東西，我們的國際傳播機構就會被視為‘宣傳機構’而不是一個真正的國際性媒體，就無法和西方的國際媒體競爭，就會失去或得不到更多的聽眾?！?/p>

中國向世界表達自己，歸根結底要落實到“隊伍建設”上面，即要打造一支“熟悉中外國情、文化、語言”的國際傳播隊伍，而“翻譯本領”只是這支隊伍應該具備的基礎本領罷了。

單從筆頭上論，會做翻譯，不見得英文寫作也漂亮，英文寫作漂亮不見得會寫英文新聞稿或者評論稿。千萬別以為英語四六級真能衡量一個人的英語水平，放到實踐當中，或許還差著十萬八千里呢!

舉個小例子，我們的英文新聞稿里經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)“...in Beijing, capital of China”。這么寫有問題嗎?要看情況。

如果純粹翻譯“某某活動在中國首都北京舉行”，這樣寫沒毛病;但若是新聞英文寫作，就有點啰嗦了，因為像北京這樣舉世聞名的大城市，附上“capital of China”真的沒必要，從未見外媒報道時寫“London, capital of the UK”“Paris, capital of France”。

最近，有不少關注者詢問全國翻譯資格水平考試(CATTI)英語筆譯一級(相當于副高/副教授水平)的考試經(jīng)驗，文刀君也認為可以趁這個機會再聊一聊這個考試。

文刀君一個人的經(jīng)驗似乎略單薄，好在身邊考過一級的小伙伴不在少數(shù)，粗略地“采訪”他們，還是收獲了不少寶貴經(jīng)驗。

1、讀書。

讀幾本翻譯理論和技巧的書，好書，一兩本就夠了。比如《等效翻譯探索》《論英漢翻譯技巧》(中國譯協(xié)《中國翻譯》編輯部選編)《余光中談翻譯》等。一點翻譯理論和技巧都不掌握是不行的，否則翻譯水平是“不可持續(xù)的”。

學一點翻譯理論和技巧，實戰(zhàn)時心里才有一桿秤，有助于避免“華而不實”的亂譯和“機械呆板”的硬譯。

2、要天天洗“英文浴”。

輕松考過一級筆譯的小伙伴有個共同點：每天接觸大量英文。每天洗“英文浴”，久而久之必然能超群脫俗。但是，文刀君要提醒一點，要選好“洗澡水”。

電影《中國合伙人》講過一個意思(具體臺詞記不清了)：平時讀國內(nèi)“外宣媒體”寫的英文感覺很輕松，但一讀外媒，比如《華爾街日報》，就基本看不懂了。

外媒的文章其實并不難懂，新聞英語畢竟不是文學作品，只要習慣了英語思維，就會越洗越舒服。讀新聞學英語可以從兩方面學習英語思維：句式和用詞。比如，前幾天北京發(fā)布空氣污染橙色預警，不少外媒對此作了報道。路透社用“thin traffic”兩個單詞完美表達“限制交通”這個意思。動詞“thin”多么形象、多么簡潔有力!

這就是我們要學習積累的東西，洗“英文浴”得用好水，要不越洗越臟。

因為中英文思維方式的差異，我們在翻譯或者寫作時還經(jīng)?！盁o意識”地犯一個錯：拖沓啰嗦。不妨讀一讀《中式英語之鑒》，或許對文刀君所指的問題有更深刻的了解。

3、積累中國特色詞匯英譯。

國內(nèi)“外宣媒體”(新華、中國日報、中國網(wǎng)、CGTN等英文網(wǎng)站)在這方面就比外媒有優(yōu)勢，要經(jīng)常瀏覽，積累相關詞匯。其實，最鮮活的材料莫過于十九大報告英文版。

“新型大國關系”、“構建人類命運共同體”、“去產(chǎn)能”、“去庫存”、“大眾創(chuàng)新萬眾創(chuàng)業(yè)”、“我國社會主要矛盾變化”、“精準扶貧”等中國特色表述你會翻譯嗎?

對于想考CATTI一、二、三級筆譯的同學而言，把十九大報告英文版啃透了，就很不一般了!

溫馨提醒：以上三條均可在“枕上(長夜無眠時)、廁上(蹲坑時)、馬上(地鐵公交)”完成。不要以如臨大敵、嚴陣以待的姿勢和心態(tài)對待英文考試，結果會讓你失望的，語言學習需要點滴積累、久久為功。

4、運氣。

文刀君“采訪”的幾位小伙伴不約而同地說到“運氣”二字。

一級筆譯題型無非是“英譯中”、“中譯英”、“審校”，千變?nèi)f化不離英語基本功和翻譯水平。當你的學習不以考試為導向時，自然不會在一級筆譯的“威名”前膽怯，有時候“威名”是被圍觀群眾抬起來的。

當你以無招勝有招的心態(tài)面對考試，“不小心”通過了真的會感到些許意外：啊，原來我也能過，運氣，運氣......

這幾條經(jīng)驗，只能算“武俠秘籍”的總綱，不是招式詳解。武俠里的高手，最看重的是“武功心法”而不拘泥于“武功招式”。正如“考試帶什么字典”、“時間怎么分配”這些問題，文刀君認為那是細枝末節(jié)的末節(jié)，不值一談。

學英語又好比佛教徒修行，萬千法門總有一個適合你，可以以人為師，但不要邯鄲學步。

翻譯資格英語考試備考資料：英漢互譯中的諺語巧合

Corresponding English and Chinese proverbs and phrases(1)

1.After meat， mustard; after death， doctor .

雨后送傘

Explanation: this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given

when it is too late.

Example: just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad， I had a

promise of money for my fare. It was a case of after death， the doctor.

2. After praising the wine they sell us vinegar.

掛羊頭賣狗肉

Explanation: to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you

claim it to be.

Example: that fellow completely misled us about what he was capable of

doing. After praising the wine， he sold us vinegar.

3. All is over but the shouting.

大勢已去

Explanation: finally decided or won; brought to the end; not able to be

changed.

Example: after Bill’s touch down， the game is all over but shouting.

4. All lay load on the willing horse.

人善被人欺，馬善被人騎

Explanation: a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for

others. Very often the implication is that others impose on him.

Examples: the trouble is you're too good-natured and people take advantage

of it. all lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse

people who ask too much.

5.anger and haste hinder good counsel.

小不忍則亂大謀

Explanation: one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry.

Example: you should calm down before you decide the next move. Anger and

haste hinder good counsel.

6. As poor as a church mouse

一貧如洗

Explanation: to be exceedingly poor， having barely to live upon.

Example: he has a large family， and is poor as a church mouse.

Note: a church is one of the few buildings that contain no food.

7. A word spoken is past recalling.

一言既出，駟馬難追

Explanation: the harm done by a careless word can not easily undo.

Example: for the rest of his life he regretted what he had said， but a word

spoken is past recalling and he knew he could never repair the damage of

that moment of harshness.

NOW， TRY YOUR HAND ON THE FOLLOWING:(根據(jù)解釋，試試翻譯下面的諺語)

Love is blind.

beauty is a matter of individual taste and judgment. This is often used of a

person whose judgment is affected by love or infatuation.

Better to die in glory than live in dishonor.

if one has the choice between living in shame and degradation and dying in

glory， it is better to die.

Birds of a feather flock together.

people who are alike often become friend or are together: if you are often

with certain people， you may be their friends or like them.

Blood， toil， tears and sweat.

said of a person bending oneself to a task and exerting all efforts in the

performance of one duty.

Calamity is man true touchstone.

the most telling test of a man ability and worth comes when he has to face

great difficulties.

Clean conscience laughs at false accusation.

a person who knows he has done no wrong is morally stronger than those who

falsely accuse him are.

Cry over spilt milk.

to cry or complain about something that has already happened

Corresponding English and Chinese proverbs and phrases(2)

1.World is but a little place， after all.

天涯原咫尺，到處可逢君

Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in

someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to

do so.

Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a

trek up Mount Tai. The world is but a little place after all.

2. When in Rome， do as the Romans do.

入鄉(xiāng)隨俗

Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you

live.

Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home， but now you

are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.

3. What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.

失之東隅，收之桑榆

Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck

on one day you have good on another; if one venture results in loss try a

fresh one---it may succeed.

Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he

loses on the swings， he may win on the roundabouts.

4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.

知足者常樂

Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.

Example: you complain so much， but you have a good family， parents， health，

and money. What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.

5.Entertain an angel unawares.

有眼不識泰山

Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his

merits.

Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was

entertaining an angel unawares， in the shape of a composer of the greatest

promise

6.every dog has his day .

是人皆有出頭日

Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn

Example: they say that every dog has his day; but mine seems a very long

time coming.

7.every potter praises his own pot.

王婆買瓜，自賣自夸

Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or

their family members

Example: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant， but I would

rather hear it from his teacher’s own mouth. Every potter praises his own

pot

Now come on! Have a try.試著翻譯一下下面幾個諺語!

hit the nail on the head

have an iron hand in a velvet glove

great minds think alike

good wine needs no bush

Give him enough rope and he will hang himself.

Evil does not always come to injure.

A fool may give a wise man counsel.

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