翻譯資格高級(jí)筆譯漢譯英精選
今天小編給大家?guī)?lái)了翻譯資格高級(jí)筆譯漢譯英精選,希望能夠幫助到大家在筆譯考試中拿高分,下面小編就和大家分享,來(lái)欣賞一下吧。
翻譯資格高級(jí)筆譯漢譯英精選
雨后,院里來(lái)了個(gè)麻雀,剛長(zhǎng)全了羽毛。它在院里跳,有時(shí)飛一下,不過(guò)是由地上飛到花盆沿上,或由花盆上飛下來(lái)??此@么飛了兩三次,我看出來(lái): 它并不會(huì)飛得再高一些。,它的左翅的幾根長(zhǎng)翎擰在一處,有一根特別的長(zhǎng),似乎要脫落下來(lái)。我試著往前湊,它跳一跳,可是又停住,看著我,小黑豆眼帶出點(diǎn)要 親近我又不完全信任的神氣。我想到了:這是個(gè)熟鳥(niǎo),也許是自幼便養(yǎng)在籠中的。所以它不十分怕人??墒撬淖蟪嵋苍S是被養(yǎng)著它的或別個(gè)孩子給扯壞,所以它愛(ài) 人,又不完全信任。想到這個(gè),我忽然的很難過(guò)。一個(gè)飛禽失去翅膀是多么可憐。這個(gè)小鳥(niǎo)離了人恐怕不會(huì)活,可是人又那么狠心,傷了它的翎羽。它被人毀壞了, 而還想依靠人,多么可憐!它的眼帶出進(jìn)退為難的神情,雖然只是那么個(gè)小而不美的小鳥(niǎo),它的舉動(dòng)與表情可露出極大的委屈與為難。它是要保全它那點(diǎn)生命,而不 曉得如何是好。對(duì)它自己與人都沒(méi)有信心,而又愿找到些倚靠。它跳一跳,停一停,看著我,又不敢過(guò)來(lái)。我想拿幾個(gè)飯粒誘它前來(lái),又不敢離開(kāi),我怕小貓來(lái)?yè)? 它??墒切∝埐](méi)在院里,我很快地跑進(jìn)廚房,抓來(lái)了幾個(gè)飯粒。及至我回來(lái),小鳥(niǎo)已不見(jiàn)了。我向外院跑去,小貓?jiān)谟氨谇暗幕ㄅ枧远字?。我忙去?qū)逐它,它只 一撲,把小鳥(niǎo)擒住!被人養(yǎng)慣的小麻雀,連掙扎都不會(huì),尾與爪在貓嘴旁搭拉著,和死去差不多。
As soon as the rain stopped, a little sparrow, almost full-fledged, flew into the courtyard. It hopped, fluttered, darting up to the edge of flower pots and back to the ground again. Watching it move up and down a couple of times, I realized drat it could not fly any higher as the plumes on its left wing had got twisted with one sticking out as if about to come off. When I made an attempt to move closer, it jumped off a hit and stopped again, staring back at me with its small, black and bean-like eyes that had a mixed look of wanting to be friends with me and not being certain that I was trustworthy. It occurred to me that this must be a tame bird, having been caged since it was hatched perhaps. No wonder it was not much scared of my presence. Its left wing might have been impaired by some kid and that was why there was distrust in its look though it showed some intimacy with man. Suddenly I was seized with sadness. How miserable it was for a bird to lose its wings! Without someone taking care of it this small thing could not survive. But man had injured its wing. How cruel he was! Injured as it was, it still wanted to rely on man. How pitiable! The look in its eyes showed that She little creature was of two minds. It was small and by no means pretty, yet its gestures and expressions revealed that it had been wronged and landed in a difficult situation. It was anxious to keep its delicate life out of danger, but it did not know what to do. It had little confidence in itself and less trust in man, but it needed someone to rely on. It hopped and stopped, looking at me but too shy to come over. I thought of fetching some cooked rice to attract it, but I dared not leave it alone test it should be attacked by the kitten. As the kitten was not around at the moment, I hurried to the kitchen and cause back with a few grains only to find the bind missing. I ran to the outer yard and saw the kitten crouching by a flower pot in front of the screen wall. I hastened to drive her away but, with a quick jump, she caught hold of the bird. The tame sparrow, with its tail and claws dangling from the kitten’s mouth, did not even know how to struggle. It looked more dead than alive.
翻譯技巧:英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)漢譯方法知多少
兩種語(yǔ)言和文化間的切換和譯介,從來(lái)就不是容易的事情。然而,帶有濃厚文化底蘊(yùn)的諺語(yǔ)翻譯就更加考驗(yàn)譯者功底和素養(yǎng)了。那么,要如何來(lái)搞定這些翻譯中的“硬骨頭”呢?
英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)是英語(yǔ)文化寶庫(kù)中絢麗多彩的瑰寶。由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在詞匯、句法、修辭等方面均存在著差異,因此在進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)漢譯時(shí)必然會(huì)遇到一定的困難,需要有一定的翻譯方法(或技巧)做指導(dǎo)。下面就簡(jiǎn)要介紹幾種常用的英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)漢譯方法:
直譯法:直譯法不僅能夠傳達(dá)英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)中所承載的文化信息,而且能產(chǎn)生較高的文化信息傳遞的有效度,同時(shí)還保留了英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)的民族色彩和文化特點(diǎn),使中國(guó)讀者能更好地感覺(jué)英語(yǔ)文化。這種譯法是把忠實(shí)于原文內(nèi)容放在第一位,把忠實(shí)于原文形式放在第二位,把通順的譯文形式放在第三位。例如:all roads lead to rome.(條條大路通羅馬)
中國(guó)地名英文表達(dá)大匯總
1、恒山 Hengshan Mountain (山西)
2、淮河 the Huaihe River (河南、安徽、江蘇)
3、巢湖 the Chaohu Lake (安徽)
4、渤海 the Bohai Sea (遼寧、山東)
5、韓江 the Hanjiang River (廣東)
6、禮縣 Lixian County (甘肅隴南地區(qū))
二、通名專(zhuān)名化的英譯法
通名專(zhuān)名化主要指單音節(jié)的通名,如山、河、江、湖、海、港、峽、關(guān)、島等,按專(zhuān)名處理,與專(zhuān)名連寫(xiě),構(gòu)成專(zhuān)名整體。例如:
1、都江堰市 Dujiangyan City (比較:the Dujiang Weir)(四川)
2、綏芬河市 Suifenhe City (比較:the Suifen River)(黑龍江)
3、白水江自然保護(hù)區(qū) Baishuijiang Nature Reserve(比較:the baishui river)(甘肅)
4、青銅峽水利樞紐 Qingtongxia Water Control Project(比較:the Qingtong Gorge)(寧廈)
5、武夷山自然保護(hù)區(qū) Wryishan Nature Reserve(比較:Wuyi Mountain)(福建)
6、西湖區(qū)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū) Scenic Spots and Historic Sites of Xihu(比較:the West lake)(浙江杭州)
三、通名是同一個(gè)漢字的多種英譯法
通名是單音節(jié)的同一個(gè)漢字,根據(jù)意義有多種不同英譯法,在大多數(shù)情況下,這些英譯詞不能互相代換。例如:
1、山
1)mount:峨眉山 Mount Emei(四川峨眉)
2)mountain: 五臺(tái)山Wutai Mountain(山西)
3)hill:象鼻山 the Elephant Hill(廣西桂林)
4)island:大嶼山 Lantau Island(中國(guó)香港)
5)range:念青唐古拉山 the Nyainqentanglha Range(西藏)
6)peak:拉旗山 Victoria Peak(中國(guó)香港)
7)rock:獅子山 Lion Rock(中國(guó)香港)
2、海
1)sea:東海 the East China Sea
2)lake:邛海 the Qionghai Lake(四川西昌)
3)harbour:大灘海 Long Harbour(中國(guó)香港)
4)port:牛尾海 Port Shelter(中國(guó)香港)
5)forest:蜀南竹海 the Bamboo Forest in Southern Sichuan(四川長(zhǎng)嶺)
在某些情況下,根據(jù)通名意義,不同的漢字可英譯為同一個(gè)單詞。例如:“江、河、川、水、溪”英譯為river。
1、嘉陵江 the Jialing River(四川)
2、永定河 the Yongding River (河北、北京、天津)
3、螳螂川 the Tanglang River(云南)
4、漢水 the Hanshui River(陜西、湖北)
5、古田溪 the Gutian River(福建)
四、專(zhuān)名是同一個(gè)漢字的不同英譯法
專(zhuān)名中同一個(gè)漢字有不同的讀音和拼寫(xiě),據(jù)筆者不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),地名中這樣的漢字有七八十個(gè)之多,每個(gè)字在地名中的讀音和拼寫(xiě)是固定的,英譯者不能一見(jiàn)漢字就按語(yǔ)言詞典的讀音和拼寫(xiě)翻譯,而只能按中國(guó)地名詞典的讀音和拼寫(xiě)進(jìn)行翻譯。例如:
1、陜
陜西省 Shaanxi Province
陜縣 Shanxian County(河南)
2、洞
洞庭湖 the Dong Lake(湖南)
洪洞縣 Hongtong County(山西)
3、六
六合縣 Luhe County(江蘇)
六盤(pán)水市 Liupanshui City(貴州)
4、滎
滎陽(yáng)市 Xingyang City(河南)
滎經(jīng)縣 Yingjing County(四川雅安地區(qū))
5、林
林甸縣 Lindian County(黑龍江大慶市)
林芝地區(qū) Nyingchi Prefecture(西藏)
林周縣 Lhunzhub County(西藏拉薩市)
米林縣 Mainling County(西藏林芝地區(qū))
6、扎
扎賚特旗 Jalaid Banner(內(nèi)蒙古興安盟)
扎蘭屯市 Zalantun City(內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾盟)
扎囊縣 Chanang County(西藏山南地區(qū))
扎龍自然保護(hù)區(qū) Zhalong Nature Reserve(黑龍江齊齊哈爾市)
扎達(dá)縣 Zanda County(西藏阿里地區(qū))
扎陵湖 the Gyaring Lake(青海)
翻譯技巧之漢譯英的“八戒”
一、戒“從一而終”
漢語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)意賅,句子靈活,往往是一個(gè)漢語(yǔ)詞匯對(duì)應(yīng)N個(gè)英語(yǔ)(論壇)詞匯,具體到在本句中應(yīng)該采用哪個(gè)意項(xiàng),務(wù)必抓住精神實(shí)質(zhì),不可以不變應(yīng)萬(wàn)變。至于怎么應(yīng)變,這就是顯示譯者功力的地方了。比如:都是“問(wèn)題”,下面的翻譯各不相同。
共同關(guān)心的問(wèn)題questions of common interest
解決問(wèn)題solve a problem
問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵the heart of the matter
關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題a key problem
原則問(wèn)題a question/matter of principle
沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題without any mishap
摩托車(chē)有點(diǎn)問(wèn)題Something is wrong with the motorcycle.
問(wèn)題不在這里That is not the point.
譯者要掌握這種漢英翻譯中的“游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)”,翻譯家應(yīng)是不同“文化王國(guó)”邊境線上的“游擊戰(zhàn)略家”。
沙博里將《水滸傳》譯為:Outlaws of the Marsh(沼澤地上的亡命之徒),楊憲益譯將屈原的《國(guó)殤》譯為:For Those Fallen for Their Country,北外出版社將《儒林外史》譯為:The Scholars。這些都是譯者吃透了原文的原意而譯出的佳作。
二、戒望文生義,機(jī)械直譯
這多半是初學(xué)者犯的毛病,他們易于被表面現(xiàn)象所迷惑。
黃牛(yellow cow――ox前誤后正,下同)
黃鸝(yellow bird ――oriole)
黃瓜( yellow melon――cucumber)
紫菜(purple vegetable ――laver)
紅木(red wood――padauk)
紅豆杉(red fir――Chinese yew)
黑社會(huì)(black society ――sinistergang)
三、戒“水土不符”,習(xí)慣搭配失當(dāng)
這的確是難度系數(shù)較大的問(wèn)題,它要求譯者既有較高的中文修養(yǎng),又要有較高的英文造詣,一知半解的人常常在此“翻車(chē)”。如:
寫(xiě)罷,擲筆在桌上。又歌了一回,再飲數(shù)杯酒,不覺(jué)沉醉,力不勝酒,便呼酒保計(jì)算了,取些銀子算還,多的都賞了酒保。
And tossed the pen on the table. He intoned the verses to himself, then downed a few more cups of wine. He was very dunk. Song-Jiang asked for the bill, paid, and told the waiter to keep the change. (沙博里譯《水滸傳?潯陽(yáng)樓宋江吟反詩(shī)》)
目前,《水滸傳》最好的英譯本要數(shù)沙博里先生的本子了。沙博里出生在美國(guó),青年時(shí)來(lái)到中國(guó),一住就是半個(gè)多世紀(jì)。為了譯好《水滸傳》,據(jù)說(shuō)他潛心研究了山東的地方志和舊時(shí)方言,可謂精誠(chéng)所致,譯著既“達(dá)”又“雅”。然而歷史告訴我們,中國(guó)古人沒(méi)有用過(guò)鋼筆,宋朝時(shí)用的還是毛筆,故the pen 應(yīng)改為the writing-brush。
下面的譯文就較好地照顧到了西方人的思維和理解習(xí)慣:
美國(guó)把貿(mào)易和扯在一起,只會(huì)損害兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。
The US policy of linking trade with human rights can only bring harm to the economic interests of the two countries.
關(guān)起門(mén)來(lái)搞建設(shè)是不成的,中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開(kāi)世界。
China can't develop in isolation from the rest of the world.
四、戒主語(yǔ)暗淡
主語(yǔ)是句子的靈魂,定住譯文的主語(yǔ)是關(guān)鍵的一步棋。主語(yǔ)定偏了,整個(gè)句子將顯得松散乏力,甚至?xí)`導(dǎo)讀者。例如:
如果這個(gè)問(wèn)題不解決,勢(shì)必影響兩國(guó)的利益。
Failure to settle this issue is bound to impair the relations between the two countries seriously.
If the problem is not solved, it is sure to affect the interests between the two countries.
在上面的兩種譯文中,顯然第一種譯文主語(yǔ)選得好,句子流暢。又如:中華考試網(wǎng)(www.Examw。com)
夏威夷的沙灘上,椰影婆娑,海風(fēng)習(xí)習(xí),一妙齡女郎正躺在白色的塑料椅上養(yǎng)神。
On the Hawaiian sandy beach, the coconut palms are whirling, the congenialsea breeze is blowing, and a young lady is lying in the white plastic chair resting to restore energy.
因?yàn)槭禽p松讀本,又是描述性的文字,使用三個(gè)主語(yǔ)the coconut palms、the congenial sea breeze、a young lady仍是可取的。
五、戒結(jié)構(gòu)單調(diào),組合生硬“拉郎配”
由于漢英結(jié)構(gòu)不同,表達(dá)方式迥異,硬性翻譯不僅讀起來(lái)別扭,而且會(huì)鬧出笑話。這就要求譯者在翻譯時(shí)靈活使用整合的技巧,將句子整合,凸顯漢語(yǔ)中所隱含的層次,補(bǔ)充所缺失的成分。有時(shí)要將簡(jiǎn)單句譯成并列句,有時(shí)將并列句譯成主從句。
在紀(jì)念大學(xué)畢業(yè)20周年聚會(huì)時(shí),我忽然問(wèn)起原來(lái)的班主任:“我個(gè)子又不矮,怎么把我安排在了第一排呢?”
At the reunion party for 20 anniversary of graduation from university, I suddenly asked my former teacher in charge of our class then:” Since I am not of short stature, how did you arrange me at the first row?”
一個(gè)高度近視的女博士去擦鞋店擦高統(tǒng)靴,禿頭老板親自蹲下來(lái)給她效勞。
When a woman doctor who suffers a severe myopicwent to shoes-polishing shop for her buskins,the bald boss squatted down to serve her personally.
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