2021年高考英語重點語法梳理總結
想要學好英語首先先你要端正心態(tài),不要急躁,平靜的做你自己的事,這樣才能靜下心來學習。下面是小編為大家整理的有關高考英語重點語法總結,希望對你們有幫助!
1高考英語重點語法總結:直接引語和間接引語
(一)直接引述別人的原話,叫做直接引語;用自己話轉述別人的話,叫做間接引語。間接引語一般構成賓語從句。直接引
語必須放在引號內,間接引語則不用引號。直接引語改為間接引語時,除將引語部分變成賓語從句外,還必須對直接引語中的人
稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等進行改變。
1.時態(tài)的變化:直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,通常受轉述動詞
said,asked等的影響而使用過去化的時態(tài),即把原來的時態(tài)向過
去推,也就是一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時,現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時,等等。例如:
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人稱代詞、指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等等的變化:
根據(jù)意義進行相應的變化,例如:
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引語改為間接引語時,都使用陳述語序,但是因為原句的句式不同,所以變成間接引語時所用的連詞會有所不同
。直接引語如果是一般疑問句,用連接詞whether或if;如果是特殊疑問句,則用疑問詞引導間接引語。轉述的動詞一般用asked,
可以在其后加上一個間接賓語me,him,her,us等。如:
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引語如果是祈使句,改為間接引語時,要將祈使句的動詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并在不定式的前面根據(jù)原句的語氣(
即請求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等動詞,如果祈使句為否定式,則在不定式前加not。其句型為:ask/tell/order someone
(not)to do something.例如:
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
2高考英語重點語法總結:各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)概述
被動語態(tài)的概念:它是動詞的一種形式,表示主語與謂語之間的執(zhí)行或被執(zhí)行關系。主動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river.被動語態(tài)表示主語是謂語動作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.
被動語態(tài)的構成
被動語態(tài)的形式是由“助動詞be+動詞的過去分詞”構成。助動詞be隨著主語的人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)等的不同而變化。幾種常見時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式如下:
1.一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞
例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般過去時was/were+過去分詞
例如:These trees were planted the year before last.
3.一般將來時will/shall+be+過去分詞
例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞
例如:Your radio is being repaired now.
5.過去進行時was/were+being+過去分詞
When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+been+過去分詞
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.過去完成時had+been+過去分詞
注意:1.除了be之外的其它系動詞如get,stay等也可以和過
去分詞構成被動語態(tài)。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情態(tài)動詞的謂語變成被動語態(tài)使用“情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞”結構。例如:
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等結構的謂語,其被動語態(tài)分別用“be going to+be+過去分詞”和“be to+be+過去分詞”。例如:The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被動語態(tài)與系表結構的區(qū)別:“連系動詞+用作表語的過去分詞”構成的系表結構,與被動語態(tài)的形式完全一樣,所以應注
意它們的區(qū)別。被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞是動詞,多強調動作;系表結構中的過去分詞相當于形容詞,多強調狀態(tài)。前者通常可用by 引出動作的執(zhí)行者,而后者則不可以。例如:
The map was changed by someone.(被動結構)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表結構)
系表結構中的過去分詞通??杀籿ery修飾,被動語態(tài)中的過去分詞往往要用much修飾。
例如:He was very excited.(系表結構)
He was much excited by her words.(被動結構)
5.主動形式表被動意義。有些動詞的主動形式有被動意味,如 open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等。此時句子的主語一般是物。
例如:These books sell well.這些書很暢銷。
The door won’t shut.這門關不上。
The clothes wash well.這些衣服很好洗。
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