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備考六級閱讀之突破詞匯關

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六級閱讀中的詞匯題要求考生確定某一特定的詞或短語在上下文中的準確詞義。??嫉脑~語包括生僻詞和指代詞。本題常以下面方式提問:

in paragraph 1,“...”means /refers to /is closest in meaning to /implies...
the word“...”could best be replaced by which of the following?
from the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that...

詞匯是語言的建筑材料。提高閱讀能力必須擴大詞匯量。大綱規(guī)定,考試的總詞匯量為5,300個左右,并且在閱讀理解試題中有不超過3%的生詞量。一般來說,考生如果能夠掌握6,000個詞匯,就為在閱讀理解部分取得較高的分數(shù)奠定了堅實的基穿?平時聽到和讀到生詞時,應該注意積累,要學會在上下文中記憶單詞,這樣做既容易記牢又可以學到單詞的搭配和用法。

1.怎樣記單詞?
1)記同義詞、近義詞、反義詞
e.g.bear,brook,endure,stand,tolerate,put up with,live with...(忍受)

2)記派生詞
e.g.competition(n.競爭)=>compete(v.競爭)=>competitor(n.競爭者)=>competitive(a.競爭的)=>competent(a.有能力的)=>competence(n.能力)

3)根據(jù)詞根、詞綴記憶單詞

英語中的大部分詞匯都是有根可尋的,而且前后詞綴也都有固定的功能和含義。

人們最常觀看的television一詞就大有說道。前綴 tele-表示“遠距離地;通過無線電進行傳播的”,詞根vis表示see(看),后綴-ion用來構成名詞。通過詞根、詞綴的用法,可以輕松地記住或猜出以下單詞的含義:

visible(可看見的),invisible(看不見的),visit(參觀),visitor(參觀者),revisit(再參觀),revise(修改), revision(修改),previse(預見),prevision(預見),su- pervise(監(jiān)督),supervision(監(jiān)督),supervisor(監(jiān)督者), supervisory(監(jiān)督的),visual(視覺的),vision(遠見)等。

2.注意一詞多義的問題

正確掌握詞義及一詞多義的現(xiàn)象有助于提高閱讀理解。如下所示:figure一詞在不同的語境中就有不同的意思。
e.g.(1)she earns a five-figure salary.她的工資是五位數(shù)的。(數(shù)字)

(2)isaw a figure on the beach.我在海邊看到一個人影。(影子)
(3)she has a fine figure.她身材不錯。(體形)
(4)he was a political figure.他是個政治人物。(人物)
(5)i cannot figure out why she said so.我無法理解她為什么這么說。(figure out理解)

3.猜詞技能與方法

猜詞是一種閱讀技巧。許多英語水平測試都把猜詞能力作為一項閱讀技巧列入考試大綱。猜詞不是胡猜、亂猜,而是結合一定的上下文,根據(jù)文中的線索來進行猜詞悟義。

常用的猜詞方法有:定義法、對比法、因果法、同義法等。

(1)定義法
在使用較為生僻的詞時,作者往往會在上下文中通過破折號、括號或逗號等直接給出該詞的定義,或者用定語從句來解釋。

a catalyst is a substance,which accelerates a chemical reaction.(催化劑)
sometimes the earth moves between the sun and the moon.then the earth's shadow falls on the moon; no light from the sun can then reach the moon.the moon gets dark because it cannot reflect the sun's light.we call this an eclipse of the moon.(月蝕)

(2)對比法
通過上下文詞義的對比來猜測生詞的含義。

if you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.(反對)
although a large number of people think the man to be guilty,i believe him to be innocent of the crime.(無辜的,清白的,與句中“guilty”有罪的相對)

(3)因果法

根據(jù)因果推理判斷詞義。
jane did not hear what they were talking about because she was completely engrossed in her reading.(全神貫注)

(4)同義法

上下文在解釋一個生僻詞時,往往會出現(xiàn)一些標志性的詞語,如:or,and,that is,that is to say,i.e., namely,in other words等等。

they surrendered,that is,threw out their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads.(投降)

1997年1月的六級考試中第三篇閱讀文章中第四段第一句話如下:

in the workplace,men have long had well-defined precedents and role models for achieving success.

問題:
the word“precedents”probably refers to_______.

a.early acts for men to follow as examples
b.particular places for men to occupy especially because of their importance
c.things that men should agree upon
d.men's beliefs that everything in the world has already been decided

根據(jù)同義法,可以看出這里precedents(先例)一詞與句中role models意思相近,答案為a。

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