你學習英語翻譯是為了什么呢?是為了未來從事這項工作，還是只是興趣使然呢。下面小編就和大家分享英語翻譯技巧培訓：翻譯意識和技巧培養(yǎng)方法，希望能夠幫助到大家，來欣賞一下吧。

英語翻譯技巧培訓：翻譯意識和技巧培養(yǎng)方法

第一：要對翻譯的重要性有深刻的、充分的認識，翻譯的對與錯、好與壞有時會產生絕然不同的效果。例如，天涯海角：不是the End of the World (應為Land’s End / End of the Earth) 。再如，一小時內免費送機票上門：不是We give you tickets free of charge within one hour.(應為We offer free delivery of your air tickets within one hour after your booking confirmation.)

第二：要善于仔細地、深入地、準確地理解中文原文的意思。這是因為準確的理解是做好翻譯的前提。例如，摸著石頭過河：不是crossing the river by feeling the stones。(而是wade across the stream by feeling the way )正確的做法應該是按照下面的步驟去做：

1.“摸著石頭過河”的字面意思如何理解?

2.它有什么暗含或延伸的意思?

3.英語里有沒有相同或類似的說法?.如果有，就可以直接借用;如果沒有，是進行直譯還是意譯?

4.如果直譯為 crossing the river by feeling the stones是否能被外國人理解?

5.過河是乘船過(crossing by boat)還是淌水過(wading across)，動詞用什么形式?

6.這里的河是大河、中河還是小河 (river, stream, brook, etc.)?

7.摸的方式是用手摸還是用腳觸?

8.石頭是大石頭還是小石頭(rock, stone, pebble, etc.)?

9.如果意譯為 learning by experiment / by trial and error是否可取?

10.直譯和意譯相結合wading across the stream by feeling the way如何?

第三：中文和英文的對應詞有時意思并不相同或者不完全相同，不能照字面翻譯。例如，他的英語說得真好，就像外國人一樣。不是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a foreigner.而是He speaks English so well, he sounds like a native speaker.

拉動經濟增長：不是pull economic growth，而是push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/spur/drive/fuel/speed up/accelerate/generate/ fire up/ propel/ facilitate/reinforce/aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。素質教育：不是quality education，而是caliber-focused education 或trait-centered education。

第四：有時候中文字面的意思表達不充分，部分信息被省略了或被隱藏起來了。例如，特區(qū)是個窗口，是技術的窗口，管理的窗口，知識的窗口，也是對外政策的窗口。不是：The special zone is a window. It is a widow for introducing technology, management and knowledge. It is also a window for foreign policy. 而是The special economic zones are a window opening onto the outside world. They are a window through which to bring in from abroad sophisticated technology, advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is also a window through which to disseminate China’s external policies.

再如，退耕還林：不是return farmland to forest，而應該是restore “woodland-converted farm-plots” back for afforesting 。春運：不是spring transportation，而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival。

第五：有些中文詞語沒有什么特殊涵義，而與之相對應的英文詞語卻有著特殊的涵義。例如，與“便宜”、“價廉”相對應的“cheap,”它有時候會帶有貶義，成為“質次價低”的意，如cheap jewelries, cheap dresses, cheap furniture 等。我們可以說I bought a cheap watch for my child，對小孩無所謂;但不能說I bought a cheap dress for my girlfriend. 因為這樣說會冒犯對方。在后一種情況下必須用inexpensive一詞。

第六：避免用中式英語進行表達，而要盡量用地道的英語進行表達。假如我們要把“我過去學過一些法語，但現在都忘了，都還給老師了”這句話翻譯成英語，最好不要說 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it. I’ve returned it to the teacher. 比較好的說法是 I used to know some French, but I’ve forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.

再比如我們要用英語說“我攢了一大堆贓衣服，等著周末來洗，”最好不要說I have accumulated a large amount of dirty clothes. I’m going to wash them at the weekend. 比較好的說法是 I have a lot of laundry to catch up at the weekend.

第七：根據不同場合，英語的表達有莊重(formal) 與隨意(informal) 之分。比如“禁止吸煙”(No Smoking)、“請勿吸煙”(Thank you for not smoking) 和“為了您和他人的健康，請勿在此吸煙”(For hygiene’s sake, please refrain yourself from smoking in this room.)下面兩組例子中都各包含有formal- normal - informal 三種文體風格(style):

Please await instructions before dispatching items.

Please wait for instructions before sending items off.

Don’t send anything off until you’re told to do so.

Essential measures should be undertaken at the earliest opportunity.

One should undertake any necessary measures at the earliest opportunity.

You should do whatever you have to as soon as you can.

第八：要注意各行各業(yè)的不同術語的選擇。比如我們要把“專業(yè)簽證人員”翻譯成英語，那么我們就要按照外交用語的習慣把它翻譯為visa officers，而不應該照字面上翻譯成specialized visa personnel?！鞍簿庸こ獭?的英譯不是housing project for low-income urban residents，而應該按照社會經濟用語的習慣翻譯為the Affordable Housing Program; “信息化”的英譯不是informatization 或informationization，而應該按照高科技行業(yè)習慣翻譯為the spreading / sweeping information explosion / the information explosion process / trend; “外資企業(yè)”的英譯不是overseas-funded enterprises,而應該按照外貿行業(yè)習慣翻譯為enterprises with foreign investment / enterprises with foreign elements;再比如，高速公路上的警示語“請勿疲勞駕駛，”翻譯成英語不是Don’t drive tiredly，按照交通法規(guī)術語應該翻譯為Drowsy driving is dangerous 或Drive alert, arrive alive。

第九：注意漢語和英語之間的文化差異。把“相聲”翻譯成英語不能只是翻譯其形式，還要翻譯其內涵。翻譯成cross talk 外國人不明白;不如翻譯為comic dialogue 更好懂。再如，假設我們要把“以外貿為龍頭”翻譯成英語，能不能直接翻譯為with foreign trade as the dragon head呢?這樣翻譯是很難讓外國人明白的，因為“以……為龍頭”這個說法是源自耍龍燈的習俗，而多數外國人不一定熟悉中國人的這一習俗。為了取得好的翻譯效果，最好是用能夠跨越文化障礙的表達方法，如“火車頭”或“旗艦”：with foreign trade as the locomotive / flagship。

但是不能機械地對待一切類似的翻譯問題，我們的頭腦里應該有一點辯證法。比如漢語的“魚米之鄉(xiāng)”(land of fish and rice)，在英語里有一個類似的說法land of milk and honey，但由于land of fish and rice 外國人也能理解，不會造成跨化交流的障礙，所以我們可以采用land of fish and rice的說法，以保留一點中國的特色。

第十：對于暗含的意思，必須把它明白地翻譯出來，這樣便于外國讀者理解。例如，”東邊日出西邊雨，道是無晴卻有晴”中的“晴”字，它是個雙關語，有“天晴”和“愛情”的雙重意思。我們在翻譯的時候，必須做到二者兼顧：

It’s sunny in the east but in the west it’s raining hard.

Whether rain or sunshine, he’s the sunshine in my heart.

再如，“這種鞋油為您足下增光”中的“足下”也是個雙關語，翻譯的時候也必須把兩層意思都表達出來：This shoe shine shines your shoes and you look great.

第十一：有時候，比如翻譯詩句，光翻譯字面上的意思是不夠的，還必須把字里行間的深度、力量和美感表達出來。例如，朱門酒肉臭，路有凍死骨：不是 Wines and meats become rotten in the mansions; Dead bones become rotten at the doors of them， 而是：In the mansions, rolling luxury allows wine and meat to go rotten away;On the streets, grinding poverty causes dead bodies to freeze and decay.

第十二：漢語和英語在語法語序和句子結構上都有很大的差別。因此，在進行中譯英的時候必須要考慮到這些方面的變化。例如，改革開放開放取得了巨大的成就：不是The economic reform and the opening-up have made great achievements. 而是把“巨大的成就”當作主語，把主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)：Great achievements have been made in the economic reform and in our efforts to open-up China to the outside world.

2020年翻譯資格考試二級筆譯強化題

漢譯英：

積極的財政政策要加力增效。今年擬安排財政赤字1. 62 萬億元，比去年增加2700億元，赤字率從去年的 2.1%提高到2.3%。

Our proactive fiscal policy must sustain the momentum of economic growth and increase economic returns. The government budget deficit for 2015 is projected to be 1.62 trillion yuan, an increase of 270 billion yuan over last year, which means that the deficit to GDP ratio will rise from last year's 2.1% to 2.3%.

處理好債務管理與穩(wěn)增長的關系，創(chuàng)新和完善地方政府舉債融資機制。

We need to find the right balance between managing debt and maintaining steady growth. We will develop and improve mechanisms for local governments to secure financing through bond issuance.

穩(wěn)健的貨幣政策要松緊適度。廣義貨幣M2預期增長12%左右，在實際執(zhí)行中，根據經濟發(fā)展需要，也可以略高些。

We will pursue prudent and balanced monetary policy. The M2 money supply is forecasted to grow by around 12% in 2015, but the actual supply may be slightly higher than this projection depending on the needs of economic development.

加強和改善宏觀審慎管理，靈活運用公開市場操作、利率、存款準備金率、再貸款等貨幣政策工具，保持貨幣信貸和社會融資規(guī)模平穩(wěn)增長。

We will work to strengthen and improve macro-prudential regulation, adopt a flexible approach in our use of monetary policy tools including open market operations, interest rates, required reserve ratios, and re-lending, and maintain steady growth in the supply of money and credit as well as aggregate financing in the economy.

加快資金周轉，優(yōu)化信貸結構，提高直接融資比重，降低社會融資成本，讓更多的金融活水流向實體經濟。

We will speed up the turnover of funds, improve the credit structure, increase the proportion of direct financing to total financing, and reduce the cost of financing, thereby allowing more financial resources to be channeled into the real economy.

2020年上半年catti二級筆譯測試題

漢譯英：

中國能源發(fā)展面臨著諸多挑戰(zhàn)。能源資源稟賦不高，煤炭、石油、天然氣人均擁有量較低。能源消費總量近年來增長過快，保障能源供應壓力增大?；茉创笠?guī)模開發(fā)利用，對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成一定程度的影響。

However, China's energy development still faces many challenges. The country's energy resource endowment is not high and its per-capita share of coal, petroleum and natural gas is low. Its energy consumption has grown too quickly in recent years, increasing the strain on energy supply. Fossil energy resources have been exploited on a large scale, causing a certain amount of damage to the eco-environment.

為減少對能源資源的過度消耗，實現經濟、社會、生態(tài)全面協(xié)調可持續(xù)發(fā)展，中國不斷加大節(jié)能減排力度，努力提高能源利用效率，單位國內生產總值能源消耗逐年下降。

To curb excessive consumption of energy resources and achieve the comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development of the economy, society and ecology, China keeps strengthening its efforts in energy conservation and emission reduction, and strives to raise the efficiency of energy utilization. As a result, energy consumption per unit of GDP has been decreasing year by year.

中國將以科學發(fā)展觀為指導，切實轉變發(fā)展方式，著力建設資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會，依靠能源科技創(chuàng)新和體制創(chuàng)新，全面提升能源效率，大力發(fā)展新能源和可再生能源，推動化石能源的清潔高效開發(fā)利用，努力構建安全、穩(wěn)定、經濟、清潔的現代能源產業(yè)體系，為中國全面建設小康社會提供更加堅實的能源保障，為世界經濟發(fā)展作出更大貢獻。

China will continue to take the Scientific Outlook on Development as its guiding principle, and work hard to transform its development pattern, giving prominence to building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. It relies on scientific, technological and system innovation to raise efficiency in all aspects of energy utilization, further develops new and renewable energy resources, and promotes the clean and efficient development and utilization of fossil energy resources. The country endeavors to build a modern energy industry which is secure, stable, economical and clean, in order to provide a solid guarantee for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and make greater contributions to the world's economic development.

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